Analytical Study for nushūz of Husband and Wife according to Qur’anic Commentators and Jurists and its Impact on the Legal Rulings

Authors

  • Ghaith Alqudah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59759/jjis.v19i2.20

Abstract

      This study aims to investigate how the jurists and the Qur'anic commentators interpret the concept of nushūz (disobedience) of the husband and wife in the Qur'an and to attempt to extrapolate the views of interpreters and scholars in interpreting, analyzing, and criticizing the Qur'anic verses using the deductive and inductive methodologies. The study has concluded that the meaning of nushūz is that the husband or the wife fears that their spouse might start a forbidden relationship (infidelity) with another person; thus, the other spouse should make serious attempts trying to find a solution to this possible marital infidelity according to the steps that were clarified in the Qur'an. In addition, this study concluded that the meaning of nushūz is not what the Qur'anic commentators interpreted as arrogance or unwillingness, specifically the wife's disobedience, which was interpreted as the wife's disobedience to her husband and her superiority over him. In light of this new interpretation, the previous jurisprudential rulings that were based on the previous understanding of nushūz should be reconsidered.

 

 

Author Biography

Ghaith Alqudah

 

 

 

References

- Ibrahim 'Anīs Abd al-Ḥakīm Muntasir, Muʿjam al-Waṣyyṭ, Qatar: Dār Iḥyyā' al-Turāth, 1992, 2nd edition, vol 2, p. 922.

- Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad bin Makarmā bin Manẓwr, Lisān al-ʿArab, Margins, Al-Yāzijī and others, Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1956, 3rd edition, vol 5, pp. 117-118.

- Abū al-Ḥussein Aḥmad Ibn Fāris (d. 395 A.H/ 1005) , Muʿjam Maqā'īs al-Lugha. Edited by abdul Salām Muḥammad Hārūn. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 2nd edition, vol 5, pp. 430- 431.

- Abū al-Baqā' Abdallah bin al- Ḥusīn al-Kuʿburī (d. 616 A.H/ 1220) , al-Mushwaf fī Tartīb al-'ṣlāḥ ʿalā Ḥurwf al-ʿajam, edited by Yāsīn Muḥammad al-Sawās, Damascus: Dār al-Fikr.

- Muḥammad Bayūmī Mahrām, Dirāsāt fī Tārīkh al-Qadīm, Dār al-Maʿrifah al-Jāmiʿyyah, 1964, 2nd edition, pp. 400-405.

- The Mishnah: It is the set of rulings, teachings, interpretations, and legislative commandments that were transmitted orally to Jews through generations, and it comes in second place in legislation after the Torah.

- Hadyyr Al- Ṣāfwrī, Nushwz al-Mar'ah al- Yahūdyyah, Cairo: Maktabat Madbūlī, 2011, 1st edition, pp. 5-6.

- Al- Ṣāfwrī, Nushwz al-Mar'ah al- Yahūdyyah, pp. 5-6.

- Abū al- Fidā' Ismāʿīl bin ʿUmar bin Kathir (d.774 A.H/ 1372) , Tafsīr al-Qur'an al-ʿaẓyym, edited Sāmī bin Muḥammad Salāmah, Riyadh: Dār Ṭyybah lil Nashr, 1999, 2nd edition, p 222.

- The Holy Book, sifr 5, 11-31.

- Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. al-Ḥusayn Al-Rāzī (d.606/1209) , Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb, Beirut: Dār Iḥyyā' al-Turāth, 1999, 2nd edition, vol 11, p. 236.

- Abū Zakarīyāʼ Yaḥyā ibn Ziyād ibn ʽAbd Allāh ibn Manṣūr al-Daylamī al-Farrāʼ (d. 207 A.H/ 822), Maʿānī al- Qur'ān, edited by Aḥmad Yūsuf al-Najātī and Abd al-Fatāḥ Ismāʿīl al-Shalabī, Cairo: Dār al-Miṣriyya lil Ta'līf wa al-Tarjamah, 1985, 1st edition, vol 6, p. 365.

- Al-Zamakhsharī Abū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar (d. 538/1144) , Al-Kashshāf ʿan Haqā'iq at-Tanzīl, Beirut: Dār Al- Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1987, 2nd, vol 1, p. 506.

- Al-Zamakhsharī Al-Kashshāf ʿan Haqā'iq at-Tanzīl, p. 571.

- bin Kathir, Tafsīr al-Qur'an al-ʿaẓyym, , p 292.

- bin Kathir, Tafsīr al-Qur'an al-ʿaẓyym, , p 423.

- Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abī Bakr Al-Qurṭubī (671 A.H/ 1272) , al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, edited by Aḥmad al-Bardwnī and Ibrahim Aṭfīsh, Cairo: Dār al-kutub al-Miṣriyya lil Ta'līf, 1964, 2nd edition, vol 5, p. 170.

- Al-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, p. 403.

- Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd al-Ṭabarī, Tafsīr al- Ṭabarī, vol 8, p. 299.

- al-Ṭabarī, Tafsīr al- Ṭabarī, vol 8, p. 268.

- al-Ṭabarī, Tafsīr al- Ṭabarī, vol 8, p. 269.

- Al-Rāzī ,Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb, p. 235.

- Abdallāh b.yosif ,takhryj alaḥadeeth , Riyadh: Dār bin khosāimah, 1414, vol 1, p 312. ḥadīth number 24.

- Al-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, p. 169.

- Mūslim bin alḥjah,saḥiḥ Mūslim, Beirut: Dār eḥia al-turath, no date, no edition, vol 4, p. 2316, ḥadīth number 3021.

- Al-Rāzī ,Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb, p. 235.

- Abū bakr b. masʿūd al-Kāsānī (587 A.H/ 1191) , Badā'iʿ Al-Sanā'iʿ Fī Tartīb Al-Sharā'iʿ, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1986, vol 2, p. 334.

- Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad bin Aḥmad al- Jazī al-Ghirnāṭī (d. 741 A.H/ 1340) , al-Tashīl li ʿUlūm al-Tanzīl, edited by Abdallah al-Khālidī, Beirut: Dār al-'arqam ibn abī al-'arqam, 1995, vol 1, 1 st edition, p. 212.

- Aḥmad Ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī (d. 974 A.H/1567) , Tuḥfaht al-Muḥtāj fī Sharḥ al-Minhāj, Egypt: al-Maktabah al-Tijāryyah al-Kubrā, 1983, no edition, vol 8, p. 325.

- Abū Muḥammad Mufaq al-Dīn Aḥmad bin Qudāmah al-Ḥanbalī (d. 620 A.H/ 1224) , Al- Kāfī fī Fiqh al-Imām Aḥmad, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1994, 1st edition, vol 3, p. 92.

- Yaḥyā bin Hubyyrah bin Muḥammad al-Shibānī (d. 560 A.H/ 1164) , 'Ikhtilāf al-'A'imahal-ʿUlamā', Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2002, 1st edition, vol 2, p. 161.

- Abū bakr Muḥammad bin Ibrahim al-Nīsābūrī (d. 319 A.H/ 931) , al-'Jmāʿ, Qatar: Dār al-Muslim lil Nashr, 2004, 1st edition, vol 1. P. 87.

- Jordanian personal law ,web; https://sjd.gov.jo/.,law no.15. 2019

- al-Ṭabarī, Tafsīr al- Ṭabarī, vol 8, p. 268.

- al-Ṭabarī, Tafsīr al- Ṭabarī, vol 8, p. 301.

- al-Farrāʼ, Maʿānī al- Qur'ān, p. 363.

- Abū Ḥafṣ Sirāj al-Dīn al-Ḥanbalī al-Dimashqī (d. 775 A.H/ 1373) , Al-Lubāb fī ʿUlūm al- Kitāb, edited by ʿādil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd and Muḥammad ʿawaḍ, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1998, 1st edition, vol 6, p. 363.

- Muḥammad bin Muḥammad Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī (d. 333 A.H/ 945) , Tafsīr al-Māturīdī, edited by Majdī Baslwm, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2005, 1st edition, vol 3, p. 160.

- saḥiḥ Mūslim, Beirut:, ḥadīth number 1218.

- Al-Tirmidhī, Sunan Al-Tirmidhī, ḥadīth number 3087.

- al-Ṭabarī, Tafsīr al- Ṭabarī, vol 8, p. 270.

- Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Faraj al-Jawzī (597 A.H/ 1201) , Zād al-Masyyr Fī ʿilm al-Tafsīr, edited by ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Mahdī, Beirut: Dār Al- Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 2001, 1st edition, vol 1, p. 481.

- Al-Zamakhsharī, Al-Kashshāf ʿan Haqā'iq at-Tanzīl, p. 571.

- Qāsim Sālim Abd al-Nabī, Nushwz al-Zawjah wa 'Iʿrāḍuh fī Kutub al-Tafsīr Dirāsah Taḥlīlyyah Naqdyyah.qatar university,faculty of Islamic studies,2017,p.15-16

- Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad bin Aḥmad al- Jazī al-Ghirnāṭī (d. 741 A.H/ 1340) , al-Qawānyyn al-Fiqhiyyah, no date, vol 1, p 141-142.

- al-Nabī, Nushwz al-Zawjah wa 'Iʿrāḍuh fī Kutub al-Tafsīr Dirāsah Taḥlīlyyah Naqdyyah., p.26-27.

- Abū al-Qāsim al-Ḥussein bin Muḥammad Al-Iṣfahānī, (d. 502 A.H/ 1108) , tafāsīr Al-Iṣfahānī, edited by Hind Sirdār, Mecca, Umm al-Qurā University.

- al-Ṭabarī, Tafsīr al- Ṭabarī, vol 8, p. 309.

- Al-Zamakhsharī, Al-Kashshāf ʿan Haqā'iq at-Tanzīl, p. 571.

- Al-Rāzī ,Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb, p. 72.

- Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī (d. 256 A.H/ 870) , ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, book of Wedlock, Marriage (Nikaah) , chapter on The beating of women is disapproved, ḥadīth number 4928.

- saḥiḥ Mūslim, ḥadīth number 4421.

- Al-Rāzī ,Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb,v.10 p. 72.

- ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Aḥmad Abū Sulymān, beating the woman, is it the correct understanding of resolving marital disputes a contemporary Quranic jurisprudential view? Cairo: Dār al-Salām lil Ṭibāʿah wa al-Nashr, 2nd edition, 2010, pp. 18-20.

- Abū Sulymān, beating the woman, , p. 21-24.

- Abās Muḥmūad al- ʿAqād, al-Mar'ah fī al-Qur'ān, Egypt: Sharikat Nahḍat Misr, 3rd edition, 2005, 121- 123.

- see, Disobedient wife beating Is the jurisprudential perspective moral or masculine, by motaz alkhateeb https://www.aljazeera.net/opinions/2022/2/10.

Published

2023-06-14

How to Cite

Alqudah, G. (2023). Analytical Study for nushūz of Husband and Wife according to Qur’anic Commentators and Jurists and its Impact on the Legal Rulings. Jordan Journal of Islamic Studies, 19(2), 33–58. https://doi.org/10.59759/jjis.v19i2.20

Issue

Section

Articles