Jordan Journal of Islamic Studies

The Exegetical Consensus in the Commentary of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī

Sura Kurdi , Abdullah AlZyout, Abed AlHameed Kurdi — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The focus of the present study is the scholarly consensus of exegesis scholars in Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s book Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr, examining how he presents scholarly consensus and demonstrating the authenticity of the consensus mentioned by al-Rāzī. The nature of the study required the application of four research methodologies: inductive, observational, analytic, and comparative. Several key findings were emphasized, most notably that there are various ways of mentioning consensus. The most frequent approach is mentioning consensus on the meaning of a verse. Another method involves mentioning consensus to specify the meaning of a verse or the category intended in the verse. Additionally, consensus may be mentioned in relation to the occasion of the verse's revelation or to refute the views of a deviant sect. The study also highlights instances where al-Rāzī refutes positions that do not align with the consensus. Furthermore, the majority of exegetical consensuses found in the book are valid, with no significant conflicts. However, some of the exegetical consensuses reflect the opinion of the majority of scholars rather than an actual consensus.

The Impact of Prepositions and Conjunctions in Determining the Intent of the Endower: A Practical Jurisprudence Study

Ibrahim Alrishoud, Mohamad Abedalhameed — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The study aimed to clarify the impact of prepositions and conjunctions in determining the intent of the endower, along with the key practical applications related to endowments. It also sought to explain both general and specific interpretations of the endower's intent. The study covered the definition and legality of endowments, the importance of the endower's intent, its classifications, and the prepositions and conjunctions that help determine this intent. The researcher employed inductive, descriptive-analytical, and deductive methodologies. The study concluded that the conjunction "و" (and) indicates shared entitlement among beneficiaries, "ثمَّ" (then) denotes a sequential order among them, and "الفاء" (so) implies order and succession. It also found that the conditions and terms used by the endower are valid in Islamic law as long as they do not contradict or invalidate the endowment. The study recommends giving careful attention to the terms and intents of endowers, as many rulings and disbursements of endowments depend on these terms to determine the endower's intent.

Hadiths Criticized by Bukhari in Tarajim Al-Abwab under “ma qil” and “ma yuthkar” in His Sahih: Collectionanl Study

Maessa Rawabdeh, Hanaa Babateen — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The forms of hadith criticism have varied in terms of chains of narration, texts, and even in the biographical entries and chapters. The biographical entries mentioned in the form of "indirect questioning" have become a critical phenomenon in "Sahih al-Bukhari."

Objectives: The study aims to count the biographical entries in the form of "indirect questioning" with the phrases "what has been said" and "what is mentioned" in Sahih al-Bukhari, and to point out the hadiths criticized in this manner, then link the indirect questioning form to the criticism of hadiths.

Methods: The study relied on an inductive, analytical, and critical methodology.

Results: The study concluded several findings, the most important of which are: there is a strong relationship between the biographical entry in the form of indirect questioning and the criticism of hadiths, and that the chapter entries are a source for evaluating hadiths through hints.

Conclusion: The study concluded by emphasizing that the biographical entry in the form of indirect questioning is a method of criticism and reasoning, as it has been established that the hadiths referred to using this form are not authentic. Ibn Hajar stated in several instances within the chapters with the indirect questioning form the intended purpose of Imam al-Bukhari in criticizing or weakening a hadith.

The Common Proverb and Its Use in Criticizing Narrators: (The Words Aḥad al-ḥdyn and Nsʼl Allāh al-Salāmah as Examples)

Najah Azzam — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Objectives: The current study aims to explore an aspect of the innovations in hadith scholarship and the capabilities of hadith scholars in the field of hadith criticism. Specifically, it examines how scholars effectively use common proverbs to criticize narrators, either by amending or condemning them.

Methods: The study adopts an inductive approach to trace the names of narrators described using the phrases "one of the two" (Aḥad al-ḥdyn) and "we ask God for safety" (Nsʼl Allāh al-Salāmah) in sources related to narrators. This is followed by a comparative analytical method, analyzing the statements of hadith critics regarding these narrators and comparing them to assess whether these narrators truly deserve the descriptions given to them.

Results: The study reaches the following conclusions:

Second: The phrase “one of the two” is considered one of the highest and most significant forms of modification, indicating that the person is unique or without equal. It is similar to the popular proverb "So-and-so is unparalleled."
Third: The phrase “We ask God for safety” is a severe form of criticism. It is typically used only when referring to someone who fabricates hadith, narrates erroneous or reprehensible material, or belongs to a group associated with heresy and innovations. This phrase aligns with the popular proverb: “Thank you, and may you be safe and sound,” or “May you be safe and healthy”.
Conclusion: The study recommends giving greater attention to words of criticism and modification, particularly those expressed in the form of a common proverb. This should involve conducting comparative studies, monitoring the narrators to whom these expressions are attributed, and identifying corresponding proverbs and their meanings.

The Evidence of Illness in the Phrase (It Was Easier for Him) in the Book Al-Kamil fi al-Du'afa by Ibn Adi – An Applied Study

Muhammad Al-Azmi — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Research Idea: The research idea revolves around the concept and implication of the phrase "It was easier for him" through a collection and study in the book Al-Kamil fi al-Du'afa by Ibn Adi.

Research Importance: The importance of this research lies in understanding the significance of this expression in revealing the mistakes of narrators through the great work Al-Kamil fi al-Du'afa (The Complete Book on the Weak Narrators).

Research Problem: The problem is the scarcity of studies focusing on the skill of the Hadith scholars in expressing the mistakes of narrators and uncovering the flaws in their Hadiths using such expressions.
Research Aim: The aim of this research is to highlight the skill of Hadith scholars, especially Ibn Adi in his Al-Kamil fi al-Du'afa, in detecting the flaws and their methods of expressing them, including the phrase "كان أسهل عليه".

Research Methodology: The research adopts an inductive, analytical, and deductive methodology by extracting the instances where Ibn Adi used the phrase "كان أسهل عليه", analyzing them through the biographies of the narrators, the evaluation of the Hadiths, and deducing the nature of the flaws expressed by this phrase.
Results: One of the main results of this study is that Ibn Adi used the phrase "كان أسهل عليه" in thirteen instances. He did not use it for reliable narrators, but rather to express the slight memorization, weakness, unusualness, or dishonesty of the narrators.

Researcher's View: The researcher believes that the meaning of "It was easier for him" refers to the narrator following a well-known and familiar path, which he rides easily without difficulty.

The Authoritativeness of Qawl al-Sahabi "Companion Sayings" According to Imam Shafi'I -A Rooting Analytical Study-

Safia Al-Share, Majd Al-Din Al-Janaida — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The study aims to establish the authority of the Companion's sayings according to Imam al-Shafi'i, in order to address the ambiguity arising from the inconsistency in his statements in the places where he referred to using this evidence in his two books, Al-Risalah and Al-Umm. The research adopted a descriptive methodology by extracting and analyzing Imam al-Shafi'i's statements in the problematic areas and by examining a series of issues where he supported rulings using the sayings of the Companions, to understand Imam al-Shafi'i's approach to practical reasoning on the rulings of branches. The study concluded that it is possible to reconcile Imam al-Shafi'i’s statements by interpreting his words in Al-Umm in light of what he said in Al-Risalah. It also became clear from the issues under study that Imam al-Shafi'i's practical methodology of reasoning aligns with what he explicitly stated in Al-Risalah; he does not solely rely on the sayings of the Companions but also uses a corresponding analogy as a justification for acting upon the Companion’s statement initially, or for choosing between conflicting sayings of the Companions. The study further concluded that the Companion's saying, when supported by an analogy of approximation, takes precedence over the analogy of verification alone.

The Spirit of Islamic Art is Evident in the Murals of the Umayyad Mosque Despite the Realism of the Drawings

Osama Aljawarneh, Owise Sanajlih — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

جاءت هذه الدراسة في ثلاثة مطالب، حيث تناولت في المطلب الأول تاريخية هذه الجداريات بشكلٍ مختصرٍ؛ وذلك لمعرفتنا بأنها أموية، والعصر الأموي كان مرحلةً جديدة تختلف عن المرحلة الراشدية، وهي مرحلةُ مأسسةٍ وقد تتطلب تعبيراً بصرياً قد يستمده العرب من محيطهم الموجود قبلهم، وهذا ديدن كل الحضارات، وفي المطلب الثاني وصفت الدراسة الجداريات، بالاعتماد على الصور حيث أفرغها الباحث كلها عن طريق الرسم اليدوي من مصدرها الأصلي بقلم التحبير؛ كي يتجنب تصويرها صورةً عن صورةٍ، وبهذا تمكنت الدراسة من تحليلها فنيا لإثبات المطلوب في المطلب الثالث والذي تناول الهدف الرئيسي من تحليل هذه الجداريات محاولة لإثبات أن فلسفة الإسلام كعقيدة، وموقف الفنان المسلم، وفكره، وثقافته، قد تضافروا في تشكيلها وإخراجها، كما تضافروا أيضاً في معالجة القيم التشكيلية في الجدارية، من أشكالٍ، وفراغاتٍ، وظلٍ، وضوءٍ، ومنظورٍ، ولونٍ وإيقاع، وقد حاولت الدراسة إثبات أن الفنان المسلم تعامل مع هذه القيم كلها رغم واقعيتها، ورغم تأثر الفنان بالفنون المحلية والقديمة، إلا أنه أخرج فناً خاصاً نستطيع أن نصفه بالفن الإسلامي دون حرجٍ أو تردد.

Narrators Memorized Thousands of Hadiths: Analytical Critical Study

Imad Al-Din Al-Syouf — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Research Topic: The study highlights the legal rulings related to the family and their role in promoting This study addresses one of the most important topics related to the preservation of the noble Sunnah, which is the preservation of thousands of hadiths by some narrators. The transmission and narration of hadiths relied on memorization from both the heart and the written word. The aim of the study was to clarify the reality of the memorization of thousands of hadiths by some narrators, as many of them would memorize thousands of hadiths. The study sought to compare the narrations and distinguish the authentic from the weak, which could only be achieved if these narrations were present in the memory. The analytical method was followed in this study, where I analyzed the information related to the topic of narrators memorizing thousands of hadiths, based on the scientific principles of hadith science.

The study concluded that the memorization of thousands of hadiths by narrators was indeed a reality. Hadith scholars consider any chain of narration that differs in the names of certain narrators as independent hadith. This explains the existence of thousands of hadiths. When some skeptics of the noble Sunnah ignored these matters, they criticized and doubted the existence of such a vast number of hadiths and the possibility of memorizing such a large number of them.

Exploring the Role of the Muslim Family in Socially Preparing Children for Married Life: A Qualitative Inquiry from the Perspective of Family Reform Experts in Jordan

Sawsan Hamdan, Nader Al-Refai — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This research explores the role of the Muslim family in socially preparing children for married life, from the perspective of family reform experts in Jordan. To achieve its objectives, the study adopted a qualitative research paradigm, using semi-structured interviews to collect data from a purposive sample of fifteen experts working in family reform institutions in Jordan. A thorough thematic data analysis was conducted to explore the main findings related to the research questions. The four main themes of social preparation for marriage that emerged were: the reality of the family’s role, the social causes of marital disputes, the areas of social preparation, and the proposed perception of the family’s role. The study yielded several important findings, including that the Muslim family institution suffers from significant dysfunction in terms of awareness and practice in preparing children socially for marital life. The research recommends enhancing the role of the family in socially preparing children for marriage by proposing educational and practical solutions, grounded in scientific methods and intellectual principles.

The Personal Biography of Prophet Abraham, Peace be Upon Him, in Qur’an and the Old Testament: A Comparative Study

dr. Khalil Al-Kubaisi, dr. mohammed Alkhateeb — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The three Abrahamic religions agree on claiming descent from Ibrahim (Abraham), peace be upon him, and his story is detailed in their sacred texts. However, they differ in the nature and truth of this descent, as well as in the events and positions regarding key moments in his life. This study examines his personal life as presented in the Qur'an and the Old Testament, focusing on the multiplicity of his names, the events related to his father, the disagreements surrounding him, and the circumstances concerning his family, including his wives and two sons: Isma'il (Ishmael) and Ishaq (Isaac). The study also looks at the events related to them, such as the injustice of deprivation and exile of one (Isma'il), the treatment of his mother (Hagar) in her husband's house, and the favoritism shown to the other (Ishaq) and his mother (Sarah) in all matters. Additionally, the study addresses the differing views on the true identity of the sacrificial son, as well as the circumstances surrounding Prophet Ibrahim's (peace be upon him) migration—what is authentic and what is not, its causes, and the resulting consequences. Finally, the study covers the attributes agreed upon by both texts and those mentioned by only one of them.

The Imperative Style in the Qur’anic Discourse with the People of Israel: Syntactic and Semantic Study

Dr. Imad Al-Din Nayef Al-Shammari, Afer Al-Mahameed — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Research Topic: The study highlights the legal rulings related to the family and their role in promoting Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the syntactic and semantic aspects of the imperative style in the Qur'anic discourse with the people of Israel, as well as the significance and influence of context on this style. The Qur'anic discourse is built on various linguistic styles, the frequency of which varies due to several factors, the most important being the nature of the discourse and the conditions of the addressees. A careful researcher of the Qur'anic discourse, in general, and its discourse with the people of Israel, in particular, will perceive differences that distinguish this discourse from others. This distinction is manifested in the frequent adoption of certain linguistic styles over others, one of which is the imperative style. This style serves to convey various meanings and connotations, where the context and the conditions of the addressees come together. This is evident in the structure of the sentence, with changes that occur in terms of inversion, delay, or omission.

Methods: This study adopts an analytical approach, analyzing the imperative structures in every instance within the Qur'anic discourse with the people of Israel. The study then interprets these structures by linking them to their contexts and verbal positions, referring to original linguistic and interpretative sources.

Results and Conclusions: The study concludes that the imperative structure in the Qur'anic discourse with the people of Israel holds significant importance. This is unsurprising, as religion revolves around commands and prohibitions, both of which involve action and abstention. Furthermore, linguistic styles cannot be studied in isolation from their contextual and structural settings. This is demonstrated through the repetition of certain imperative verbs in different surahs with varying meanings. Moreover, the imperative forms frequently depart from their original meanings of obligation and necessity, adopting other meanings understood through context. These meanings include emphasis and honor, threat and grandeur, encouragement and obligation, reminder, punishment, incapacitation, gratitude, reward, supplication, ability and grandeur, solicitation, reprehension, creation, propitiation and humiliation, and guidance.

The Impact of Contextual and Normative Factors on the Rulings of Branches in Hanafi Jurisprudence

Eman Shajrawi, marwan Al-dweiri — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the divisions of the temporary command in Hanafi jurisprudence, explain the nature of each division and its rulings, and examine the impact of these divisions on certain legal branches in Hanafi jurisprudence.

Methods: In this study, two approaches were employed: the descriptive approach, which involved presenting the definitions and concepts related to the research terms and explaining the divisions of the temporary command in Hanafi jurisprudence; and the analytical approach, which focused on demonstrating the impact of the temporary command and its divisions on the rulings of branches and issues in Hanafi jurisprudence.

Results: This study concluded with several findings, summarized as follows: The time of obligations influences the formulation of their rulings, in terms of the requirement of specific intention and its precedence over the obligation, or the absence of such a requirement, or the validity of an act with a delayed but non-specific intention. It also affects whether the obligation is to be performed later (qada) or can be fulfilled whenever the person obligated carries it out. The study further found that when time is a condition for the validity of an act, a condition for its performance, or a cause for its obligation, it has an impact on the rulings of branches in Hanafi jurisprudence.

Conclusion: The temporary command has an impact on the rulings of legal branches in Hanafi jurisprudence.