Jordan Journal of Islamic Studies

The Adherence of Prophet (PBUH) by Previous Enactments; its Reality and its Impact on the Authoritativeness of those Enactments -A Fundamental Study-

safia al-share — 2025-12-01

This research aims to clarify the meaning and significance of the proof of occurrence (dalil al-huduth) according to the Ashʿarites in proving the existence of Allah Almighty, and to present the response given by the Athari or Hadith school regarding their method of inference. The research problem is represented by the following questions: What is the proof of occurrence that the Ashʿarites used to argue for the existence of Allah Almighty? What is the proof of innate disposition (dalil al-fitrah) that the Athari school used to prove the existence of Allah Almighty? How did the Athari school critique the Ashʿarites regarding the proof of occurrence?

By adopting the analytical deductive method and the critical comparative method, the research found that the Ashʿarite scholars paid great attention to the proof of occurrence in affirming the existence of Allah Almighty. They typically began their theological works by discussing this proof, formulating it according to the rules of the logicians, and supporting it with verses from the Qur’an and Prophetic traditions. On the other hand, the Athari or Hadith school did not focus on the proof of occurrence or discuss it; they viewed the knowledge of Allah Almighty as an innate, natural matter that does not require rational proof but rather indication. They responded to the Ashʿarites by asserting that the approach of the Prophets was to call to the oneness of Allah Almighty, not to provide logical proof of His existence as done by the logicians.

The Critical Craft of Al-Bukhārī in His Ṣaḥīḥ: Principles of Selecting Narrations and Their Applications as a Model

Abdel Salam Abusamha — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study presents Al-Bukhārī’s craft in his Ṣaḥīḥ within the context of applied critical reporting on the practice of selecting narrations. The research begins by explaining the concept of a sound (ṣaḥīḥ) ḥadīth according to the critics of the narration era, then expands to combine an understanding of the mechanisms of selection as they appear in both technical terminology (ṣināʿa muṣṭalaḥiyya) and practical application (mīdānī), particularly in the framework of comparative terminological studies. The study avoids anachronistic terminological projections that emerged after the era of narration and criticism, which impose obligations inconsistent with historical reality. It establishes the study of comparative terminological research as a basis for aligning theory and practice, clarifies the realistic meaning of the term ṣaḥīḥ in light of the classification of accepted ḥadīths, and examines al-Ḥāẓimī’s layers and the methodology for handling them based on representational status rather than verification.

Method: The study relies on an analytical and inductive methodology.

Results: The research identified the main practical principles used by Imam al-Bukhārī in selecting narrations, which formed the focus and central problem of the study. It demonstrates that the selection of narrations was based on the principle of waḥdat al-makhraj (unity of transmission chain), overcoming the problem of verification through supporting narrations. The study also highlights the influence of maʿrifat al-madār (knowledge of transmission routes) in selecting narrations, showing that error-free transmission and attention to consecutive narrators were crucial to understanding his methodology. The study then presents these principles with practical realism, avoiding excessive terminological complexity.

Conclusion: Imam al-Bukhārī employed a well-established methodology in selecting narrations, grounded in sound and objective principles.

A Comparative Study of Qur’anic Readings According to the Authors of Ma‘ani al-Qur’an: Qatrab, Al-Farrā’, Al-Akhfash, Al-Zajjāj, and Al-Nahhas

Sahar kalbonneh — 2025-12-01

This study examined the preference among Qur’anic readings according to the authors of the works on the meanings of the Qur’an (Ma‘ani al-Qur’an), by tracing the Qur’anic readings in their works, presenting, studying, discussing, and analyzing them. It was found that the preference involved selecting and giving precedence to certain readings based on criteria followed by each author.

The researcher concluded that one form of preference among all of them, except for al-Nahhas and al-Zajjāj, was giving precedence to a rare (shadhdh) reading over a widely transmitted (mutawatir) reading. Some authors, such as Qutrub, al-Farrā’, and al-Nahhas, considered the mutawatir and shadhdh readings to be on equal footing.

Combining the Meanings of Qur’anic Readings in the Verses on the Battle of Uhud and Its Impact on Exegesis: A Case Study of Sūrat Āl ʿImrān

Israa Awlad Issa — 2025-12-01

This study, entitled “Combining the Meanings of Qur’anic Readings in the Verses on the Battle of Uhud and Its Impact on Exegesis: A Case Study of Sūrat Āl ʿImrān,” aimed to survey the readings (qirā’āt) found in the verses discussing the Battle of Uhud, clarify the meaning of each reading individually, and then combine these readings to show how they enrich the understanding of the verses (from 3:121 to 3:133) and highlight their multiple aspects. he researcher employed the inductive method to extract the readings, followed by the analytical method to clarify their meanings and combine them, and finally the deductive method to determine a unifying meaning and the relationships between the readings. The study concluded that examining the facets of a reading in a verse requires analyzing linguistic issues, the overall meaning of the verse, and the context in which it appears. The research clearly demonstrated that combining the readings within a single verse enriches its meaning. There must be a relationship between the readings in a verse; this relationship may be confirmatory, where each reading affirms a meaning present in or implied by the other, serving as a cause, effect, or complement to it.

Roger Garaudy and His Doctrinal Thought / Emergence and Development

Kareem AL-Sadoon — 2025-12-01

This research examines the emergence and development of Roger Garaudy’s theological thought in his writings. The study aims to answer the questions: What is Roger Garaudy’s theological thought? When did it emerge, and how did it develop? It also explores the major stages of his life that contributed to the development of his theological thought and the intellectual currents he adopted that influenced this development. The study addresses these questions using inductive, analytical, and deductive methods. The study concludes that Garaudy’s theological thought originated from scratch and gradually developed through several stages, with each stage leaving a distinct theological impact on his thinking. Garaudy made some errors due to his intellectual heritage, but these mistakes were not made with ill intent, as some have claimed. He remains a defender of Islam and of its contemporary issues.

The Impact of Activating the Share of Indebted Individuals and Productive Projects in Jordan on Reducing Poverty and Unemployment: “The Case of the Indebted Women Initiative at the Jordanian Zakat Fund”

Wael Arabiyat — 2025-12-01

This study aimed to shed light on the practical implementation carried out by the Zakat Fund, affiliated with the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Holy Sites in Jordan, in repaying the debts of indebted women under the “Jordan of Generosity” initiative launched by His Majesty King Abdullah II. The researcher examined the types of indebted individuals, the conditions for eligibility for zakat from the share of the indebted, the conditions for repaying the debts of indebted women through the Zakat Fund, as well as the impact of productive projects on poverty and unemployment and their support for the national economy. The researcher recommends the continuous development of zakat implementation mechanisms according to modern economic concepts. Furthermore, it is recommended to maintain the activation of the share of indebted individuals and productive projects according to the highest standards of integrity and transparency, and in accordance with the principles of justice and public interest, by monitoring the performance of those responsible and establishing an institutional framework to govern the process at all its stages.

The Interrogative Style in the Qur’anic Discourse with the People of Israel: Syntactic and Semantic Study

د. عماد الدين نايف الشّمريّ — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the interrogative style in the Qur’anic discourse directed at the Children of Israel, to identify the interrogative tools used in each instance of the discourse, and to demonstrate the influence of the context (maqām) on this style. A careful reader of the Qur’anic discourse in general will notice that the Children of Israel—more than other peoples—receive a significant portion of this discourse, which raises several questions. These questions formed the basis of the study’s hypothesis and research questions. A contemplative reader of the Qur’anic discourse in general, and of the discourse concerning the Children of Israel in particular, can discern distinctions that set this discourse apart from others; after all, He is the Creator of humankind, knowing the hidden and the unseen. This distinction is reflected in the preference for certain linguistic styles over others, among which the interrogative style is prominent.

Method: This study relied on an analytical and investigative approach. It examined the interrogative structures in each instance of the Qur’anic discourse concerning the Children of Israel, then interpreted these structures by linking them to their contexts and rhetorical situations (maqām), drawing on foundational works in linguistics and Qur’anic exegesis.

Results and Conclusion: The Qur’anic discourse addressed to the Children of Israel employs five interrogative tools: the hamza, mā, hal, man, and annā. Among these, the interrogative particle hamza enjoys the most prominence. Interrogation in this discourse conveys various meanings such as denial, rebuke, reprimand, negation, and appeal. The most common meaning in this discourse is denial; most of the verbs used in the Qur’anic discourse about the Children of Israel are present tense verbs, which adds a new layer of meaning to the interrogative structure: it indicates that the people persist in their error, disbelief, and misguidance.

The Extent of Agreement between the Muʿtazilites and the Māturīdīs in Doctrinal Issues

Marwa Kharma — 2025-12-01

The research problem lies in the fact that some claim the Māturīdīs fully agree with the Muʿtazilites in their theological views. This study aims to examine the most prominent issues commonly believed to be identical between the two schools in order to verify this assumption and clarify the points of agreement and disagreement between them. The study is divided into an introduction and three sections covering the following topics: the obligation of knowing God through reason, the ambiguous (attributes) with respect to Him, the ruling on those to whom the message has not reached, human ability, the issue of imposing what cannot be borne, divine wisdom and the rationale behind God’s actions, the concepts of good and evil, and the promise and the threat. The study employs analytical, comparative, and critical methods. Among the main findings is that the similarity between the two schools on certain rulings is only superficial, while the disagreements are profound and substantial. It was also found that the role of reason in Māturīdī thought is more limited compared to that in Muʿtazilite thought. Moreover, the Muʿtazilites’ reliance on reason was not driven by mere personal whims but stemmed from motives to uphold God’s transcendence, in which they were correct in some instances and mistaken in others. This research opens new horizons for further specialized studies to examine in greater depth the differences between the Māturīdīs and the Muʿtazilites in doctrinal matters, particularly in issues where the rulings appear similar, in order to scrutinize the extent to which their content and foundations truly converge.

The Principle of Reciprocity in War in Islamic Law and International Law: The Case of Killing Women and Children as an Example

Saba Alb’ool — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the concept of the principle of reciprocity in both international law and Islamic law, outline the rules for its application, highlight the differences between Sharia and law, and discuss the instances of reciprocity during peace and war.

Method: The study employed the inductive method by tracing the views of legal scholars, examining legal decisions, international conventions and treaties, and reviewing Sharia texts. It also used the descriptive method to define key concepts, provide supporting evidence, and demonstrate Sharia-based applications according to Muslim jurists.

Results: The study found that the principle of reciprocity is recognized in Islamic law, particularly in the field of international relations. However, international law has fallen short in regulating this principle, allowing states to wrongfully harm or attack each other while using reciprocity as justification.

Conclusion: Research and studies in the field of international relations in Islam should be given more attention to develop a comprehensive Islamic theory of international relations that addresses contemporary issues based on Islamic values. The principle of reciprocity should receive special focus, as it is a fundamental pillar in achieving justice in international relations.

Connotations of the term mercy and its derivatives in the language, and their uses in the Quran

Ali Alrwashdeh — 2025-12-01

This research examines the connotations of the term “raḥmah” (mercy) and its derivatives in both linguistic and Qur’anic usage. It begins by clarifying the concept of the term and its subject, considering it an independent field of study with significance in understanding Qur’anic texts and terminology. The study also investigates the meaning of “raḥmah” in the Qur’an and its relationship with linguistic dictionaries as a preliminary approach to understanding the content of the research title. To provide a clearer picture, the study involves an examination of the occurrences of the term in the Qur’an, including: the quantitative aspect, represented by its instances in the Qur’an, and the qualitative aspect, in terms of the forms of its derivatives. The research then analyzes these occurrences regarding their frequency and form, followed by an analysis of their contextual meanings in each instance.

Conflicts of Analogical Reasoning in Donation Contracts and Their Impact on Juristic Differences: The Gift as a Model

Basma Rababah — 2025-12-01

Objectives: This study addresses the issue of conflicting legal reasoning (aqīṣah) in donation contracts, using the gift (hibah) as a model, and its impact on the differences among jurists. The study aims to identify the conflicting reasoning in gift contracts and its effect on juristic disagreement. It also discusses the topic of jointly-owned property (hibah al-mushā‘) and the establishment of ownership in a gift contract.

Method: The researchers employed the inductive method to examine the relevant Sharia texts concerning the study’s topic, the deductive method to derive legal rulings from the scholarly material, and the comparative method to compare the opinions, arguments, and reasoning of jurists regarding conflicting legal reasoning in gift contracts, highlighting the most sound conclusions.

Results: The study found that jurists discussed conflicting reasoning under the term “conflict of causes (ta‘āruḍ al-‘ilal)”, and that legal reasoning in financial donation contracts in general—and in gift contracts in particular—can indeed conflict. Such conflicts lead to a variety of differences among jurists.

The Concept, Characteristics, and Standards of Islamic Art in the Decorations of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik’s Palace in Jericho

Osama Aljawarneh — 2025-12-01

This study sheds light on the concept of Islamic art, its characteristics and features, and the standards related to its content. This is explored through its title: “The Concept, Characteristics, and Standards of Islamic Art in the Decorations of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik’s Palace in Jericho.” The study employs the inductive and tracking method, the descriptive method, and the analytical-applied method. It consists of two main sections with several subtopics.

The study highlights the intention of the Muslim artist and his goal of reaching inner and spiritual meanings, considering that the concept of Islamic art refers, in terms of its content, to the purpose and objectives that align with the aims of Islamic law and its spiritual goals; and in terms of its form, to a set of visual features such as shape, color, and script, along with a set of structural principles such as rhythm, unity, diversity, and comprehensiveness.

The main problem addressed in this study is the exploration of the concept of this art and its realization in the palace floors specifically. This is approached through the descriptive method, which describes the state or phenomenon, followed by the analytical method, which attempts to deduce ideas or principles related to the features and standards of this art. The study also discusses the concept of Islamic art and the reality of its existence as a distinctive and unique concept for this form of art in general.

The study concludes that the concept of Islamic art was a product of the spiritual purposes of religion. It was not religious art per se, but it was influenced by religion. The principle of unity (tawḥīd) played a significant role in the comprehensiveness of this art. It has been established that the floor decorations in the palace, with their diverse balances and rhythms based on a small number of abstract visual entities, carry symbolic significance reflecting the principle of unity.